Mismatch loss is caused by the interconnection of solar cells or solar panels, which have different characteristics or experience different conditions. Under some conditions, mismatch loss is a serious problem for photovoltaic modules and arrays, because in the worst case, the output of the entire photovoltaic module is determined by the solar cell with the lowest output. For example, when a solar cell is shielded while other solar cells in the solar PV module are not, the power generated by the “good” solar cell may be consumed by the lower performance solar cell instead of supplying power to the load. This in turn will lead to a high degree of local power dissipation, and the resulting local heating may cause irreversible damage to the solar panel.
When the electrical parameters of a solar cell chip change significantly with those of other equipment, the photovoltaic module will not match. The impact and power loss caused by the mismatch depend on:
Operating points of PV modules;
Circuit configuration;
And parameters different from other solar cells;
The difference of any part of the IV curve between one solar cell and another may lead to mismatch loss at some operating points. Although the mismatch may occur in any battery parameter, the largest mismatch is most commonly caused by differences in short circuit current or open circuit voltage. The effect of mismatch depends on both the circuit configuration and the type of mismatch.
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